法律文件是非结构化的，使用法律术语，并且具有相当长的长度，使得难以通过传统文本处理技术自动处理。如果文档可以在语义上分割成连贯的信息单位，法律文件处理系统将基本上受益。本文提出了一种修辞职位（RR）系统，用于将法律文件分组成语义连贯的单位：事实，论点，法规，问题，先例，裁决和比例。在法律专家的帮助下，我们提出了一套13个细粒度的修辞标志标签，并创建了与拟议的RR批发的新的法律文件有条件。我们开发一个系统，以将文件分段为修辞职位单位。特别是，我们开发了一种基于多任务学习的深度学习模型，文档修辞角色标签作为分割法律文件的辅助任务。我们在广泛地尝试各种深度学习模型，用于预测文档中的修辞角色，并且所提出的模型对现有模型显示出卓越的性能。此外，我们应用RR以预测法律案件的判断，并表明与基于变压器的模型相比，使用RR增强了预测。

对于盲人，低视觉和其他印刷（BLV）个人而言，印刷文档仍然是一个挑战。在本文中，我们关注（内部引用，脚注，图形，表格和方程式）的（内部参考）的特定问题。虽然视力用户可以翻转参考内容并在几秒钟内翻转，但BLV个人所依赖的线性音频叙事使这些参考文献非常困难。我们提出了一种基于视觉的技术，以找到引用的内容，并提取（在后续工作中）将内容汇总到音频叙事中所需的元数据。我们将技术应用于科学文档中的引用，并发现它在出生数字和扫描文件上都很好地效果。

经典的机器学习范式需要在中心位置汇总用户数据，在该位置，机器学习实践者可以预处理数据，计算功能，调整模型并评估性能。这种方法的优点包括利用高性能硬件（例如GPU）以及机器学习实践者在深度数据分析中进行的能力以提高模型性能。但是，这些优势可能是为了支付数据隐私的费用。收集，汇总并存储在集中式服务器上以进行模型开发。数据集中构成风险，包括内部和外部安全事件的风险增加以及意外数据滥用。具有不同隐私的联合学习旨在通过将ML学习步骤带给用户的设备来避免服务器端集中化陷阱。学习是以联合方式完成的，每个移动设备都在模型的本地副本上运行一个训练循环。来自设备模型的更新通过加密通信和通过差异隐私发送到服务器，以改善全局模型。在此范式中，用户的个人数据仍在其设备上。令人惊讶的是，以这种方式培训模型培训的模型性能差异很小。但是，由于其分布式性质，异质计算环境和缺乏数据可见性，联邦学习带来了许多其他挑战。本文探讨了这些挑战，并概述了我们正在探索和测试的建筑设计解决方案，以在元评估中生产联合学习。

AI正在经历范式转变，随着模型的兴起（例如Bert，Dall-E，GPT-3），这些模型经过大规模的数据训练，并且可以适应广泛的下游任务。我们称这些模型基础模型来强调其至关重要但不完整的特征。该报告提供了基础模型的机会和风险的详尽说明，包括其功能（例如语言，愿景，机器人技术，推理，人类互动）和技术原则（例如，模型架构，培训程序，数据，系统，安全，安全性，评估，理论）对其应用（例如法律，医疗保健，教育）和社会影响（例如不平等，滥用，经济和环境影响，法律和道德考虑）。尽管基础模型基于标准的深度学习和转移学习，但它们的规模导致了新的新兴能力，以及它们在许多任务中的有效性都激发了同质化。同质化提供了强大的杠杆作用，但要求谨慎，因为基础模型的缺陷均由下游的所有适应模型继承。尽管即将广泛地部署基础模型，但我们目前对它们的工作方式，失败以及由于其新兴属性的影响而缺乏清晰的了解。为了解决这些问题，我们认为基础模型的许多批判性研究都需要与他们的基本社会技术性质相称。

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Searching long egocentric videos with natural language queries (NLQ) has compelling applications in augmented reality and robotics, where a fluid index into everything that a person (agent) has seen before could augment human memory and surface relevant information on demand. However, the structured nature of the learning problem (free-form text query inputs, localized video temporal window outputs) and its needle-in-a-haystack nature makes it both technically challenging and expensive to supervise. We introduce Narrations-as-Queries (NaQ), a data augmentation strategy that transforms standard video-text narrations into training data for a video query localization model. Validating our idea on the Ego4D benchmark, we find it has tremendous impact in practice. NaQ improves multiple top models by substantial margins (even doubling their accuracy), and yields the very best results to date on the Ego4D NLQ challenge, soundly outperforming all challenge winners in the CVPR and ECCV 2022 competitions and topping the current public leaderboard. Beyond achieving the state-of-the-art for NLQ, we also demonstrate unique properties of our approach such as gains on long-tail object queries, and the ability to perform zero-shot and few-shot NLQ.

Machine Translation (MT) system generally aims at automatic representation of source language into target language retaining the originality of context using various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Among various NLP methods, Statistical Machine Translation(SMT). SMT uses probabilistic and statistical techniques to analyze information and conversion. This paper canvasses about the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English to fifteen low-resource Indian Languages (ILs) and vice versa. At the outset, all 15 languages are briefed with a short description related to our experimental need. Further, a detailed analysis of Samanantar and OPUS dataset for model building, along with standard benchmark dataset (Flores-200) for fine-tuning and testing, is done as a part of our experiment. Different preprocessing approaches are proposed in this paper to handle the noise of the dataset. To create the system, MOSES open-source SMT toolkit is explored. Distance reordering is utilized with the aim to understand the rules of grammar and context-dependent adjustments through a phrase reordering categorization framework. In our experiment, the quality of the translation is evaluated using standard metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and RIBES

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

Cashews are grown by over 3 million smallholders in more than 40 countries worldwide as a principal source of income. As the third largest cashew producer in Africa, Benin has nearly 200,000 smallholder cashew growers contributing 15% of the country's national export earnings. However, a lack of information on where and how cashew trees grow across the country hinders decision-making that could support increased cashew production and poverty alleviation. By leveraging 2.4-m Planet Basemaps and 0.5-m aerial imagery, newly developed deep learning algorithms, and large-scale ground truth datasets, we successfully produced the first national map of cashew in Benin and characterized the expansion of cashew plantations between 2015 and 2021. In particular, we developed a SpatioTemporal Classification with Attention (STCA) model to map the distribution of cashew plantations, which can fully capture texture information from discriminative time steps during a growing season. We further developed a Clustering Augmented Self-supervised Temporal Classification (CASTC) model to distinguish high-density versus low-density cashew plantations by automatic feature extraction and optimized clustering. Results show that the STCA model has an overall accuracy of 80% and the CASTC model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.9%. We found that the cashew area in Benin has doubled from 2015 to 2021 with 60% of new plantation development coming from cropland or fallow land, while encroachment of cashew plantations into protected areas has increased by 70%. Only half of cashew plantations were high-density in 2021, suggesting high potential for intensification. Our study illustrates the power of combining high-resolution remote sensing imagery and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to better understand tree crops in the heterogeneous smallholder landscape.

We propose an ensemble approach to predict the labels in linear programming word problems. The entity identification and the meaning representation are two types of tasks to be solved in the NL4Opt competition. We propose the ensembleCRF method to identify the named entities for the first task. We found that single models didn't improve for the given task in our analysis. A set of prediction models predict the entities. The generated results are combined to form a consensus result in the ensembleCRF method. We present an ensemble text generator to produce the representation sentences for the second task. We thought of dividing the problem into multiple small tasks due to the overflow in the output. A single model generates different representations based on the prompt. All the generated text is combined to form an ensemble and produce a mathematical meaning of a linear programming problem.